程度副词
程度副词透露动词丶形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度；通常放在其修饰的字词前，不过底下还会再探讨几个例外情况。
| 程度副词 | 修饰 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| extremely | 形容词 | The water was extremely cold. |
| quite | 形容词 | The movie is quite interesting. |
| just | 动词 | He was just leaving. |
| almost | 动词 | She has almost finished. |
| very | 副词 | She is running very fast. |
| too | 副词 | You are walking too slowly. |
| enough | 副词 | You are running fast enough. |
enough 的用法
enough 可用作副词，也可以用作限定词。
用作副词的 enough
有「某程度必要性」之意的副词 enough， 会放在其修饰的形容词或副词后，而不是像其他副词一样放在前面。enough 可以用在肯定句和否定句。
- Is your coffee hot enough?
- This box isn't big enough.
- He didn't work hard enough.
- I got here early enough.
enough 后面通常会接 to + 不定词。
举例
- He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.
- Is your coffee hot enough to drink?
- She's not old enough to get married.
- I got here early enough to sign up.
enough 后面也可以接 for + 某人或 for + 某物。
举例
- The dress was big enough for me.
- She's not experienced enough for this job.
- Is the coffee hot enough for you?
- He didn't work hard enough for a promotion.
用作限定词的 enough
有「足够」之意的限定词 enough 会放在其修饰的名词前面；与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。
举例
- We have enough bread.
- You have enough children.
- They don't have enough food.
- I don't have enough apples.
too 的用法
too 向来都是个副词，但它具有两个截然不同的意思，每个都有特定的用法。
意指「也」的 too
有「也」之意的副词 too 会放在其修饰的片语后。
举例
- I would like to go swimming too, if you will let me come.
- Can I go to the zoo too?
- Is this gift for me too?
- I'm not going to clean your room too!
意指「过于」的 too
有「过于」之意的副词 too，会放在其修饰的形容词或副词前。too 可以用在肯定句和否定句。
举例
- This coffee is too hot.
- He works too hard.
- Isn't she too young?
- I am not too short!
too 后面经常接 to + 不定词。
举例
- The coffee was too hot to drink.
- You're too young to have grandchildren!
- I am not too tired to go out tonight.
- Don't you work too hard to have any free time?
too 后面也可以接 for + 某人或 for + 某物。
举例
- The coffee was too hot for me.
- The dress was too small for her.
- He's not too old for this job.
- Sally's not too slow for our team.
very 的用法
very 会放在副词或形容词之前，用来加强意思。
举例
- The girl was very beautiful.
- The house is very expensive.
- He worked very quickly.
- She runs very fast.
如果想表达形容词或副词的相反意思，有几种方式：可以在动词加上 not，若要委婉丶更有礼貌的说法则是用 not very，或者乾脆用反义的形容词或副词来表达。这几种说法都可以表达否定或反义，但意思上不尽相同。
举例
| 原始说法 | 以 not 表达相反的意思 | 以 not very 表达相反的意思 | 以反义字表达相反的意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| The girl was beautiful. | The girl was not beautiful. | The girl was not very beautiful. | The girl was ugly. |
| He worked quickly. | He did not work quickly. | He did not work very quickly. | He worked slowly. |
very 和 too 在意思上的不同
too 和 very 之间的意思有很大的不同；very 表达的是事实，也是个人可接受的范围；而 too 则是透露某件事有问题，超出个人可接受的范围。
举例
- He speaks very quickly.
- He speaks too quickly for me to understand.
- It is very hot outside.
- It is too hot outside to go for a walk.
类似 very 的其他副词
有些常见的副词跟 very 的用法类似，用来加强形容词和副词的程度。
| 表达非常强烈的感觉 | 表达强烈的感觉 | 表达有点含糊的感觉 |
|---|---|---|
| extremely, terribly, amazingly, wonderfully, insanely | especially, particularly, uncommonly, unusually, remarkably, quite | pretty, rather, fairly, not especially, not particularly |
| The movie was amazingly interesting. | The movie was particularly interesting. | The movie was fairly interesting. |
| She sang wonderfully well. | She sang unusually well. | She sang pretty well. |
| The lecture was terribly boring. | The lecture was quite boring. | The lecture was rather boring. |
带有否定副词的倒装句
一般主词都会在动词之前，但有些否定副词放在句首时，就会造成倒装。在此情况下字序会相反，且动词会出现在主词前。倒装句一般用在书面上，口语上不太会这样用。
| 副词 | 一般字序 | 倒装 |
|---|---|---|
| Never | I have never seen such courage. | Never have I seen such courage. |
| Rarely | She rarely left the house. | Rarely did she leave the house. |
| Not only | She did not only the cooking but the cleaning as well. | Not only did she do the cooking, but the cleaning as well. |
| Scarcely | I scarcely closed the door before he started talking. | Scarcely did I close the door before he started talking. |
| Seldom | We seldom cross the river after sunset. | Seldom do we cross the river sunset. |