地方副词

地方副词会透露某事发生的大约位置,一般会放在主要动词之后,或者是该副词修饰的语句后。地方副词并不会修饰形容词或其他副词。

举例
  • John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.
  • I searched everywhere I could think of.
  • I'm going back to school.
  • Come in!
  • They built a house nearby.
  • She took the child outside.

「这里」和「那里」

here 和 there 是常见的地方副词,会透露出与讲话者的距离。当这类副词与行进动词一起使用时,here 有「朝向讲话者」丶「和讲话者一起」之意;而 there 有「远离讲话者」丶「没有和讲话者一起」之意 。

例句 意思
Come here! 向我走过来。
The table is in here. 跟我一起来,我们会一起去看到它。
Put it there. 把它放到远离我的地方。
The table is in there. 走进去;你会自己看到。

here 和 there 会与介词搭配使用,形成许多常见的副词片语。

举例
  • What are you doing up there?
  • Come over here and look at what I found!
  • The baby is hiding down there under the table.
  • I wonder how my driver's license got stuck under here.

当句子以惊叹号结尾,或是需要做出强调语气时,here 和 there 就会放在句首。如果主词是名词,句型会是副词 + 动词 + 主词;但如果主词是代词,句型就会是副词 + 代词 + 动词

举例
  • Here comes the bus!
  • There goes the bell!
  • There it is!
  • Here they are!

可用作介词的地方副词

许多地方副词也可以用作介词。当它被用为介词的时候,后面就必须接一个名词。

字词 用作地方副词,修饰动词 用作介词
around The marble rolled around in my hand. I am wearing a necklace around my neck.
behind Hurry! You are getting behind. Let's hide behind the shed.
down Mary fell down. John made his way carefully down the cliff.
in We decided to drop in on Jake. I dropped the letter in the mailbox.
off Let's get off at the next stop. The wind blew the flowers off the tree.
on We rode on for several more hours. Please put the books on the table.
over He turned over and went back to sleep. I think I will hang the picture over my bed.

以 where 结尾的地方副词

以 where 结尾的地方副词表达出位置的概念,而非特指一个地点或方向。

举例
  • I would like to go somewhere warm for my vacation.
  • Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here?
  • I have nowhere to go.
  • I keep running in to Sally everywhere!

以 wards 结尾的地方副词

以 wards 结尾的地方副词表达某个动作以特定方向移动。

举例
  • Cats don't usually walk backwards.
  • The ship sailed westwards.
  • The balloon drifted upwards.
  • We will keep walking homewards until we arrive.

要注意:towards 是介词,而不是副词;因此它的后面一律要接名词或代词。

举例
  • He walked towards the car.
  • She ran towards me.

表达动作和地点的地方副词

有些地方副词可以同时表达动作和地点。

举例
  • The child went indoors.
  • He lived and worked abroad.
  • Water always flows downhill.
  • The wind pushed us sideways.