现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由两个要素构成：Be 动词的现在完成时 (have/has been)，加上主要动词（原型+ing）的现在分词。
| 主词 | has/have been | 动词原型 + ing |
| She | has been | swimming |
肯定句：She has been / She's been running.
否定句：She hasn't been running.
疑问句：Has she been running?
否定型疑问句：Hasn't she been running?
现在完成进行时，以「to live」为例：
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| I have been living | I haven't been living | Have I been living? |
| You have been living | You haven't been living | Have you been living? |
| He, she, it has been living | He hasn't been living | Has she been living? |
| We have been living | We haven't been living | Have we been living? |
| You have been living | You haven't been living | Have you been living? |
| They have been living | They haven't been living | Have they been living? |
现在完成进行时的作用
现在完成进行时涉及以前到现在一段不明确的时间，谈的是某件已经发生的事，但也许还没有结束，强调的是动作的过程和产生的结果，而且这个过程可能还会持续着，或者可能才刚结束。
始于过去且当下仍在持续的动作
She has been waiting for you all day (= 而且她现在还在等待).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= 而且我还没做完).
They have been travelling since last October (= 而且他们还没回家).
刚结束的动作，但说话者要强调的是这个动作产生的结果，或对现在造成的影响
She has been cooking since last night (= 而且桌上的食物看起来很美味).
It's been raining (= 街道上还是湿的).
Someone's been eating my chips (= 半包没了).
不用在进行时的动词
对于不用在进行时的动词，就使用现在完成时。例如：I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
we've heard this morning.